NIVEA and its marketing strategy

Consumer driven marketing strategy focuses on the needs of the customers. It can be advantageous to businesses by offering an edge over competition (Anderson, et al., 2004). As such, companies utilizing this strategy may focus their marketing efforts only on consumers who directly benefit from the product. Beiersdorf, the company that manufactures and sells NIVEA, utilized this strategy of marketing. Several elements of consumer driven marketing can be identified from the NIVEA case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIVEA and its marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Targeting a specific segment of the market is the first element. After conducting a market research, the company realized a gap in the market. Young girls between the age of 13 and 19 were in need of beauty products which would maintain their normal skin. They were not interested in using medicated products. In order to meet this need th e company came up the NIVEA VISAGE. This product line is only aimed at young women between the age of 13 and 19. Another element of consumer driven marketing evident in the NIVEA case is the focus on meeting the needs of customers (Clow Baack, 2007). As such, the company responded to the market gap by launching a range of products which target to satisfy the needs customers. With the launch of NIVEA VISAGE young, the company not only optimized its position in the market, but also created a solution to the skin problems experienced by young girls. The company got the right balance of market mix elements. It defined a gap within the market and came up with a product that fills it. Using an effective balance of place, promotion, price, and product, NIVEA VISAGE young made successful launch into the market. Marketing management orientation focuses on the techniques of developing, producing, and marketing goods to consumers (Hooley, et al., 2008). The orientations are used to support ca mpaigns for marketing. NIVEA assumed a marketing orientation that focuses on the production and marketing of the new product. With regards to market orientation, the company created a gap in the market and created a product that would fill this gap more efficiently than what its rivals offered. Another approach that the company could have used is the product oriented approach where the company could have first created a product that is perceived to be good and introduce it to the market without first developing a need within the market (Hooley, et al., 2008). The main difference between the two approaches lies on market research. Product orientation uses innovation in the production of a good and service. It is efficient for industries that rely on high product features to satisfy consumer demand. A market mix involves the four ‘p’, product, price, place, and promotion. With regards to product, the first step for an effective mix is to develop an understanding of the ma rket. The company relies on information from comprehensive market research to develop a product that specifically targets a segment of the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The information retrieved from the market research study is used to develop a product that suits the needs of consumers. The company conducts market research with direct involvement of consumers. For instance, it can use a focus group to engage with consumers, listen to them, gather data, and conduct testing for products before launching the products into the market. From the market research, the company was able to establish that young female consumers needed a beauty product that maintains their normal skin and not a medicated product. From this information, the company developed the NIVEA VISAGE young to meet their needs. Product offered by rival companies were also medicated and aimed at solving the teenage skin problem. This information gave the company an advantage over its rivals in the development of NIVEA VISAGE young. With regards to pricing, the company used a strategy that offered consumers a value for their money (Clow Baack, 2007). It realized that the product could only be bought by teenage girls or by mothers buying for their teenage daughters. The pricing was made to reflect product range, packaging, and formulation. Place may refer to the point of sale (Clow Baack, 2007). The concern is the distribution strategy that will ensure the product reaches the point of sale at the right time. The company has used a wide range of distribution channels to ensure that NIVEA VISAGE reaches all the places where it is supposed to be sold. This includes the use of major retail outlets and high street shops. The company knows, that the teenagers love to shopping in malls and high street shops. As a result, NIVEA VISAGE is shelved in all crowd pulling shopping malls and hig h street shops. Promotion entails the communication aspect of the product (Clow Baack, 2007). Customers need to be aware of the availability of the product in addition to being persuaded to buy the product. There is a wide range strategies used to promote a product. This includes the use of events such as product launch, direct mails, public relation, branding, and sales promotion. During the product launch, the company invited celebrity artistes with a huge teenage following. Associating the product with celebrity artiste is strategic in luring teenagers to buy the product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIVEA and its marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The NIVEA brand has a wide range of products that target various demographics of the market. For men, the product has a wide range of products to meet number of consumer needs for both boys and men. They include hand and body lotion, roll-on de odorant, spray deodorant, shaving foam, and lip care product. These are the NIVEA product that I have used as a man. I have personally experienced benefits from use of these products. The value compares the cost of purchase. The deodorants for instance have had a lot of benefits to me. In addition to the obvious benefit of hygiene, the products help to keep someone fresh for a prolonged period of time. This is beneficial because it reduces the need to constantly spray oneself after a few hours. At the same time, the sprays can last for a pretty long time and thus helping to save money. It is important for consumers to get a value for their money when they purchase any particular product or service. If purchase of a particular product helps to save money that could have been spent elsewhere, the product gives consumers a value for their money. For instance, if a lady was to spent money on several medicated products to address skin problems and she buys a single NIVEA skin product tha t solves this problem, the NIVEA product gives her a value for her money. A customer need is a basic requirement. Companies making products that fall under customer need do not have to push to sell the products (Anderson, et al., 2004). The only need for pushing may be resulting from the competitive nature of the market environment. Customer wants are drawn from customer needs. For instance, if students need to wear shoes, the shoes may require polishing. The polishing aspect is the want, and it is generated from the need to wear shoes. Customer demands are the things he or she desires. For instance, the need to live a luxurious life may be classified as a demand (Hooley, et al., 2008). References Anderson, E, Fornell, C Mazvancheryl, S 2004, ‘Customer Satisfaction and shareholder value’, Journal of Marketing, vol 2 no 1, pp. 172-185. Clow, K Baack, D 2007, Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications, Pearson Education, Boston.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hooley, G, Peircy, N Nikolaud, B 2008, Marketing strategy and competitive positioning, Pearson Prentice Hall, United Kingdom. This essay on NIVEA and its marketing strategy was written and submitted by user Gibson A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Canadian Interest Groups essays

Canadian Interest Groups essays Interest group representation in Canada identifies society's influence on the governing body and the policies decided upon in the legislative setting. The composition of interest groups has evolved over time and has lead to study of three distinct approaches to the power the representational groups have. The growth and change of interests in the Canadian state are dependent upon the structure between societal and government values. An interest group refers to "a group of individuals bound together to excerpt pressure upon the government to achieve a common goal and acquire a common benefit." The Canadian government can not deal with the immense responsibility, which is delegated to it without interacting with every "major sector of national institutional structure." The interaction gives interest groups a great deal of power because they provide the organization and the knowledge required by the government to oversee the numerous demands and then present the issues back to the government in an easily understandable process. Single issues or individual influence groups are the basic building blocks of modern pressure groups. Every interest is "seen as expressing a combined purpose" of individuals that have come together to achieve certain objectives. These groups have limited organizational skills and lack the knowledge of government to succeed in the few specific issues on their objective. Single issues interest groups usually have a fluid membership base, which use the media and extreme action to obtain their goals. The groups usually are fighting for a change in private or public policy they find unfair of unjust. These groups tend to disband when they reach their goals (or concede defeat). Although single interests groups are not completely ineffective, their "tendency towards fanaticism" makes them not well liked in the beacratic community and in turn do not stay around for to long. The main key to success for these g...

Advantages Of The Atomic Bomb History Essay

Advantages Of The Atomic Bomb History Essay First, the war was brought to a quick end by using the atomic bomb on Japan. â€Å"A feeling of vindication and a desire to end the war strengthened the resolve of the United States to quickly and decisively conclude it.† (Atomic Bomb-Truman Press Release-August 6, 1945) The bombing of Pearl Harbor was still fresh in many American minds. Many Americans wanted to end the war. The Japanese resolve to fight was not very high during these following months. Their losses at Iwo Jima and Okinawa were extraordinary. Their navy and air force had been destroyed by America’s B-29s. This was part of the America’s air campaign to make bombing runs on military targets in Japan. Therefore, United States Pacific theater military leaders authorized the bombing of major cities. Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and Kobe were all bombed. Hundreds of thousands of civilians died from these air strikes. The Japanese did keep their resolve even though many innocent people were dying. â€Å"Yet, Japanese resolve stayed strong and the idea of a bloody â€Å"house to house† invasion of the Japanese mainland would produce thousands more American and Allied casualties.† (Atomic Bomb-Truman Press Release-August 6, 1945) They thought their casualties would be much less than Americas and the ally’s casualties if they were to invade. Japan was relying more on numbers than the actual battle performance of a regular soldier. Japan believed they can use large amounts of civilians against well trained American and allied soldiers. In Potsdam of July 1945, the allies declared that Japanese must unconditionally surrender. Japan leaders rejected the declaration because they did not want to surrender by these terms. The President authorized the use of the atomic bomb after August 3, 1945. The President Truman rather have a country shell shock than have it being defiant. He wanted to end the war by destroying Japan’s cities and causing fear. Normal bombs canâ€⠄¢t achieve a quicker victory than atomic bombs because atomic bombs have a wider blast radius and power. He considered the atomic bomb as a weapon and he had no doubts that it should be used. Therefore, Hiroshima was bombed because it was the headquarters of the Fifth Division and the 2nd General Army. Hiroshima was a communication center, an assembly area for troops, a storage point, and had several military factories. 90 percent of the city’s buildings were damaged by the atomic bomb. Later, Nagasaki was bombed because the city was known to produce ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war material. A faction called, â€Å"one condition† was lead by Togo who seized the bombing as a justification to surrender. Hisatsune Sakomizo, the chief cabinet secretary in 1945, called the bombing â€Å"a golden opportunity given by heaven to end the war.† (Debate: Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki) No amount of courage, skill, and fearless combat could help Japan ov erpower the atomic bomb. The emperor was looking for peace and need a good reason do so because some of his generals wanted to continue this war. The threat of the Soviet Union joining the war was not enough to convince the generals, but the atomic bomb was. On August 14, the Japanese government accepted the American terms for surrender. The atomic bombs quickly persuaded Japan to surrender because of the overwhelming power and fear.

Tort Reform in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Reform in the United States - Research Paper Example Generally, the purpose of the tort system is to provide compensation for those individuals who have been harmed (Champan, 2010). The harm, in this case, ought to be a proven one so that full compensation can be made available. This paper, therefore, seeks to provide information on the tort system in the United States of America and how it works. The paper will provide information on how this system is used in the U.S when and how they are performed and how it affects the individuals in general. There are various issues which are identified as those that makeup debates on the tort reform. These aspects include: Economic effects Fairness in treatment Restrictions on damages that are noneconomic Reduction in the decree of limits of action Punitive injuries and awards Awards for suffering Class action proceedings in the United States Claimed inadequacy of the authorized system. In the United States of America, tort reform activists argue that many lawsuits are frivolous. These advocates claim that the tort reforms of the present time are too expensive. Advocates, in this case, tend to prove that they are not comfortable with tort cases as far as the cases are concerned. This is major because they tend to suffer more than those who are involved in the cases. These advocates claim that they are the ones who face adverse effects for fighting the wrong in the society. To them, they feel that it is not fair because when fighting for the right, they end up facing exactly the opposite. Tort law generally defines what makes up an authorized injury and establishes the charge. It is simply an answer from the civil court to criminal law. This reform, therefore, is the political expression for the divisive matter of reducing tort proceedings, rewards, damages, and reimbursement. The aspect that majorly contributes to this reform being controversial is that its promoters aim at placing limits on the quantity  monetary damages that may be awarded in medical malpractice or indi vidual injury lawsuits (Bornstein, 2007). This makes it controversial because advocates are meant to be of help to those who are affected but at some point, they are found to be having limits. In this case, it is quite clear that not every individual will have their advocates fight for them. There are cases where advocates choose not to get involved because of the rules and regulations that have been set. At this point, the advocates are trying to avoid instances where they get to suffer more (Lunney & Oliphant). They tend to have limits to make sure that the tort cases they deal with do not adversely affect them instead. Most of the advocates support tort alteration, particularly in the personal injury lawsuits. This is because of the undulate effects legal fees and extreme damages have on industries and taxpayers by extension. Tort reform's advocates say these undulate effects result in prices that are higher for both services and products. At this point, they are complaining as w ell because they feel that these reforms do not do them good. They feel that at some point it becomes hard for them. They feel that they are not able to deal effectively with the effects that come along with these reforms. Areas of the authorized procedure which are embattled by tort reformists include contingency fees, venue shopping, and class action court cases.

The Jewish state in Palestine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Jewish state in Palestine - Assignment Example As it stands today, in my opinion, there will not be a peaceful solution to this issue. The Balfour Declaration created in 1917 stated that Britain, which at the time ruled Palestine, was in favor of creating a Jewish homeland. The term â€Å"Palestinian† is a misnomer. The land of Palestine was under the rule of foreign power since Biblical times. The Arabs living in Palestine never had a ruling government. Britain and the UN, after World War II, set aside part of Palestine to create the new State of Israel. Another misconception is Jewish families came and threw Arab families off their land. The Jewish immigration since Herzl’s time had Jews coming to Palestine and buying land from local Arabs. After the Israel declared their independence, Iran, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Jordon, and Lebanon immediately attacked the new nation. The newly formed IDF (Israel Defense Forces) beat back the attacking forces and after a year won what is today Israel, excluding the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights. The Six Day War and Yom Kippur War gave Israel the Sinai, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and Gaza Strip. Through negotiations the Sinai was returned to Egypt. The others are known as the Occupied Territories. When Israel formed their government, Jewish interests were placed first. The Holocaust had brought the cry â€Å"Never Again† to the lips of every Israel. The Arabs or â€Å"Palestinians† felt ostracized in their own country. The new language was Hebrew first, then Arab, and the English. Jews from all over the world flooded the tiny country, which is no bigger than New Jersey. The refugees of the wars, instead of leaving for an Arab country, were placed in refugees camps. Refugee camps in the Occupied Territory are cramped apartments where hunger and poverty run wild. The Palestinians started fighting against Israel through terror attacks on civilian targets. The Mahlot School

Tasks of contrastive lexicology Essay Example for Free

Tasks of contrastive lexicology Essay Questions 1. Lexicology as a subdivision of linguistics. Its object and tasks. 2. Subdivisions of lexicology. 3. Tasks of contrastive lexicology. Its theoretical and practical value. 4. The IC analysis in lexicological studies. 5. Distributional analysis in lexicological studies. 6. Transformational procedures in lexicological studies. 7. Componental analysis in lexicological studies. 8. Statistical methods of analysis in lexicological studies . 9. Contrastive analysis in lexicological studies. 10. The word as a fundamental unit of the language. 11. Criteria of the definition of the word. 12. Morphemes, free and bound forms. 13. Aims and principles of morphemic analysis. 14. Criteria for distinguishing between inflectional and derivational affixes. 15. Contrastive analysis of the morphemic structure of English and Ukrainian word. 16. Definition of the field of word-formation and approaches to the classification of the principal types of word-formation. 17. Word-formation rules and the notion of productivity in the field of word-formation. 18. Compounding as the type of word-formation: formal characteristics and types of compounds. 19. Contrastive analysis of noun compounds in English and Ukrainian. 20. Referential vs functional approach to meaning. 21. The notion of polysemy. 22. Systemic organization of lexicon. 23. Semantic change: metaphor. 24. Semantic change: metonymy. 25. Semantic change: hyperbole, litotes, irony. 26. Euphemisms and politically correct terms. 27. Types of varieties of a language. 28. Stylistically marked classes of words. 29. Types of literary-bookish words. 30. Neologisms: problems of defining and classification. 31. Non-literary colloquialisms. 32. Definition and subject-matter of lexicography. 33. Dictionary: definition and types. 34. Criteria of linguistic dictionaries classification. 35. Corpus and corpus linguistics. Parallel corpora. 36. Notable English and Ukrainian language corpora 37. The notion of synonymy. Types of synonyms. 38. The notion of idiomaticity and criteria of singling out phraseological units. 39. Classification of phraseological units. 40. Main sources of phraseological units. 41. The notion of homonymy. Sources and types of homonyms. 42. The connections of lexicology and grammar. 43. Lexicology and Stylistics: points of intersection. 44. Etymological structure of the English language. 45. Morphological types of words: approaches to classification. 46. Conversion and shortening as productive types of word-formation in English. 47. The notion of semantic indivisibility in phraseological studies. 48. Neologisms vs occasionalisms.

The Character of George in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay

Of Mice and Men character essay George Character : George George, a character in Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck was â€Å"small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose.† (Steinbeck, Pg.2) George was Caucasian and it looked as if he had stepped out of an old movie containing drifters, better known as migrant workers. Although physically George was very small, he had complete control over his companion Lennie, the way a father controls a son. George not only controlled Lennie but he also looked out for him and he wanted him to be happy. An example of this is how he constantly reminds Lennie of their dream, to work on their own farm, much like the dreams of other migrant workers. â€Å"Sure, we’d have a little house an’ a room to ourself, little fat iron stove an’ in the winter we’d keep a fire goin’ in it. It ain’t enough land so we’d have to work too hard. Maybe six, seven hours a day. An’ when we put in a crop, why, we’d be there to take the crop up. We’d know what come of our planting.† (Pg. 58) George had taken care of Lennie, every step of the way, just like his Aunt Clara told him to. â€Å"He ain’t much of a talker, is he? No he ain’t but sure is a hell of a good worker.†(Pg. 21-22) George even went as far as talking for Lennie to get him a job at the ranch, something not many workers would have done for eachother. Ev en though George acted like ... The Character of George in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men Essay Of Mice and Men character essay George Character : George George, a character in Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck was â€Å"small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose.† (Steinbeck, Pg.2) George was Caucasian and it looked as if he had stepped out of an old movie containing drifters, better known as migrant workers. Although physically George was very small, he had complete control over his companion Lennie, the way a father controls a son. George not only controlled Lennie but he also looked out for him and he wanted him to be happy. An example of this is how he constantly reminds Lennie of their dream, to work on their own farm, much like the dreams of other migrant workers. â€Å"Sure, we’d have a little house an’ a room to ourself, little fat iron stove an’ in the winter we’d keep a fire goin’ in it. It ain’t enough land so we’d have to work too hard. Maybe six, seven hours a day. An’ when we put in a crop, why, we’d be there to take the crop up. We’d know what come of our planting.† (Pg. 58) George had taken care of Lennie, every step of the way, just like his Aunt Clara told him to. â€Å"He ain’t much of a talker, is he? No he ain’t but sure is a hell of a good worker.†(Pg. 21-22) George even went as far as talking for Lennie to get him a job at the ranch, something not many workers would have done for eachother. Ev en though George acted like ...

Legalize anabolic steroids

SummaryThere is a huge national concern over the misuse and abuse of anabolic steroids for enhancement of muscular stature and performance among competitive athletes.   Latest estimates have shown that approximately 5% of all high school students have used anabolic steroids, with almost half of the high students believing that these drugs are not harmful to their health.   Drug enforcement legislations have included anabolic steroids in its list of traffic-controlled substances (21 USC Sec. 801 1/22/02; Schedule III).   However, the bigger picture of the medical and research benefits of anabolic drugs have been overlooked due to the sensationalize media coverage of these drugs.   Current scientific researches are still inconclusive on whether anabolic steroids are extremely unsafe for administration, opposite to what has been actively claimed by anti-drug officials and government authorities.DatesThe Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 (ASCA) was established to regulate the distribution of anabolic steroids in the United States.   The Drug Enforcement Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice has been mandated to implement measures to protect the people from these dangerous drugs.   A four-part definition of anabolic steroids serves as a blueprint to identify any analogues of the chemical substance that may be uncontrollably dispensed to athletes and other youths.The definition included substances that are chemically and pharmacologically similar to testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, as well as a very close likeness in its enhancement for muscle growth.   The Act classified anabolic steroids in the same category as barbiturates and LSD precursors and claim that these substances result in dangerous effects to the human body.   The Act declares that any individual caught in the possession of these anabolic steroids will be arrested and prosecuted.   The list of anabolic steroids in the Act are continuously being updated, as new versio ns of these drugs are progressively being created through the years.AddressesDrug Enforcement AdministrationU.S. Department of JusticeWashington, D.C.   20038-8083SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONBackgroundAnabolic androgenic steroids are testosterone derivatives that are mainly used for muscle and performance enhancement.   These drugs are frequently used by competitive athletes in order to achieve an edge or better control of their physical strength and performance during professional sports games.   Retrospective surveys indicated that anabolic steroids have been used since the 1960s to date (Duchaine, 1983), with current national user rates ranging from 3% to 9% among high school students alone.   The exact effect of anabolic steroids in the developing human body has not been fully studied, and the increase in number of reports of teenage athletes committing suicide has called the attention of the legislation to assess and review drug enforcement laws covering this specific drug .It has been reported that the prolonged use of anabolic steroids have may cause a number of adverse effects to the human body, including liver damage, gynecomastia, atherogenesis, psychiatric disorders such as aggression and violence, and even death (Balbigian, 2001; Brower, 2002; Glazer, 1991; Pope and Katz, 1990; Malone et al. 1995).   Investigations on the nationwide use of anabolic steroids have prompted Congress to establish the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990, which mainly indicates that the non-medical employment of anabolic steroids is punishable by law.   Any violations will be penalized by at least 15 days to 5 years imprisonment and/or $1,000 to $1,000,000 fine, depending on the extent of the violation.   So far, the general public has supported the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, mostly due to the massive and militant media coverage of the topic.However, the actual negative effects of the use of anabolic steroidal drugs have not been comprehensively investigate d to date, and that the reports that have been disclosed in the media have been isolated cases picked out from millions of cases of teenage users around the United States.   Scientifically, the adverse effects from the prolonged use of anabolic steroids remain inconclusive to date, and in actuality, anabolic steroid use has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of medical disorders.In one report, it has lately been determined that the effect of an anabolic steroid to the treatment of weight loss in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is equivalently effective and safe as compared to the commonly administered recombinant growth hormone that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Storer et al. 2005).   In another scenario, the administration of an anabolic steroid has been beneficial in prostate cancer patients by preventing further migration of prostate cancer cells to other parts of the body (Guerini et al. 2005).   The anabolic steroid oxandrolone has been successfully used in the treatment of muscle loss in patients diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and may be a potential powerful candidate for general treatment of such types of patients (Balagopal et al. 2006).Scientific research shows that anabolic steroids provide more beneficial effects than what has been claimed by legislation as serious, adverse effects to the human body.   More so, the negative reports that have associated with the use of anabolic steroids have not been investigated scientifically and have only achieved much attention through the help of media and press coverage.   Therefore, it is imperative that the legislative bodies review the restrictions associated with the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 and fully determine the actual effects of anabolic steroid intake.   It is regretful to know that there are other drugs and activities that are much more deleterious or harmful to people but are not actively controlled by the Sen ate, including smoking, cosmetic surgery and over-the-counter drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which has caused even more cases of deaths and hospitalizations that anabolic steroids.The Proposed RuleBased on the above information on the current status, knowledge and use of anabolic steroids, we would like to propose that anabolic steroids be legalized for use in the United States.   In turn, we would like to emphasize the need for further scientific research to determine the mechanisms of action of each type of anabolic drug to gain a better understanding of its indications and contraindications.   There should be a comprehensive survey on the frequency of use of anabolic steroids across the human population, with stratified categories of users such as teenage athletes, geriatric patients, cancer patients, and so on.   Any cases that report any adverse effect from use of anabolic steroids should be properly documented and analyzed.   Should there be sufficient reason tha t anabolic steroids be stopped from circulation in the community, we are willing to review these effects once significant information has been gathered from reliable reports.Legal ConsiderationsAs the use of anabolic steroids is legalized, we in turn, propose that a nationwide surveillance program on the use of anabolic steroids be implemented by the Drug Enforcement Administration, as a measurement tool on the exact effects on the use of these substances.   The information that will be gathered will be integrated into an national anabolic steroid database for analysis and interpretation.   All anabolic steroid cases will be included in the database, including any advantages, disadvantages or no visible effects that may be related to the intake of this drug.The surveillance program will be conducted for 2 years, of which at its culmination, will be evaluated and further amendments will be based on the results of the analysis and interpretation of this database.   Such survey w ill provide a better understanding of the effects of anabolic steroid use, which will be more reliable, robust and scientific, and we will not have to depend on influences or propaganda from the media or other government officials.ReferencesBabigian A, Silverman RT (2001): Management of gynecomastia due to use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilders. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.   107:240–242.Balagopal P, Olney R, Darmaun D, Mougey E, Dokler M, Sieck G and Hammond D (2006):   Oxandrolone enhances skeletal muscle myosin synthesis and alters global gene expression profile in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.   Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290:E530–E539.Brower KJ   (2002): Anabolic steroid abuse and dependence. Curr. Psychiatry Rep.   4:377–383.Duchaine D., ed. (1983):   Underground Steroid Handbook, 1st Ed. California: HLR Technical Books, 84pp.Glazer G (1991): Atherogenic effects of anabolic steroids on serum lipid levels. Arch. Intern. Med. 151:1925–1 933.Guerini V, Sau D, Scaccianoce E, Rusmini P, Ciana P, Maggi A, Martini PGV, Katzenellenbogen BS, Martini L, Motta M and Poletti A (2005):   The androgen derivative 5ÃŽ ±-androstane-3ÃŽ ²,17ÃŽ ²-diol inhibits prostate cancer cell migration through activation of the estrogen receptor ÃŽ ² subtype.   Cancer Res.   65(12):5445-5453.Malone DA Jr, Dimeff R, Lombardo JA, Sample BRH (1995): Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Clin. J. Sports Med. 5:25–31.Pope HG Jr. and Katz DL (1990): Homicide and near-homicide by anabolic steroid users. J. Clin. Psychiatry   51:28–31.Storer TW, Woodhouse LJ, Sattler F, Singh FB, Schroeder ET, Beck K, Padero MC, Mac P, Yarasheski KE, Geurts P, Willemsen A, Harms MK and and Bhasin S   (2005):   A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nandrolone decanoate in human   immunodeficiency virus-infected men with mild to moderate weight loss with recombinant human growth hormone a s active reference treatment.   J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.   90(8):4474–4482.

Pestle Factors Essay

PESTEL analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis†. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors – Businesses need to make money to continue to exist. They do this by listening to customers to ensure they keep their customers and attract new ones with good services that customers want and need. It is extremely important for businesses to respond to changes in demand from customers. They include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firm’s cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social factors – Society’s habits and tastes are changing. People are more aware of the importance of the environment and becoming ‘green consumers’. Green consumers prefer goods and services that are ‘environmentally-friendly’ and which have less impact on the environment. They include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company’s products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological factors – Businesses are continually developing new technologies to provide the best solutions for the market place. Intelligent companies find out what the most appropriate technologies are for their businesses and use them. They include ecological and environmental aspects, such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors – include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer-it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal factors – Legal changes that affect business are closely tied up with political ones. Many changes in the law stem from government policy. They include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.

Crimson Craving †My Fascination with Vampires

Crimson Craving – My Fascination with Vampires Free Online Research Papers Crimson Craving Blood sucker. Leach. Succubus. Cold one. They have been called many names. They have remained a mystery for many years. Songs have been written about them. Many movies have been made about them. Vampires are one of the many mysterious entities that have been of great interest for as long as I can remember. Every time a new movie comes out about them, a new curiosity is sparked and a fad is reborn. However, one of the movies recently made from a popular novel about vampires has become one of the most popular of all time, and has three more parts in its saga. A plethora of memorabilia was created about Twilight. It quickly became a hit. It is definitely a popular culture of the current times. If you were alive in November 2008 when the movie came out, you witnessed the craze. If you did not witness it and you were alive, then you must have been hiding under a rock somewhere. My fascination with Twilight grew from a fascination with vampires I have had for many years. I have seen Interview With a Vampire, the myriad of remakes of Dracula, and even watch television series’ about vampires, such as True Blood. I can remember listening to a song by Sarah McLachlan over and over that she wrote about vampires called â€Å"Building a Mystery†. The lyrics that most interested me were, â€Å"You come out at night. That’s when the energy comes. And the dark side’s light, and the vampires roam†¦..You’re so careful when I’m in your arms† (McLachlan, 1997, track 1). Twilight put a whole new twist on everything I had already been intrigued by for so many years. Twilight, written by Stephenie Meyer in 2005, came to the theater in November 2008. I had already read the book, actually all four of them. This was a must see for me. I have been deeply intrigued by vampires for quite some time. So many aspects about them beckon to me to research and learn all I can about them. I have seen countless movies about vampires. Twilight swept them all away. The way vampires were presented as being so graceful, depicts them to be more than vicious, blood thirsty beasts as they have been portrayed. They are graceful and careful creatures, almost â€Å"feline-like† in their demeanor, as Meyer referred to them numerous times throughout the series’ (Meyer, 2005). Twilight was an addiction of mine, as well as the other three novels in the saga, to the point of reading at a stop light just to be able to get in a few more pages. It was so exciting and I wanted to be Bella Swan, the main female character. The characters being made to seem so real captivated me also. By the time you see the movie, you feel as if you know them. Meyer describes them in such detail that you get a mental picture which is justified upon viewing the movie. They are all described as so astonishingly beautiful, â€Å"I stared because their faces, so different, so similar, were all devastatingly, inhumanly beautiful. They were faces you never expected to see except perhaps on the airbrushed pages of a fashion magazine.† (Meyer, 2005, p. 19.) Twilight starring so many beautiful male characters did not hinder my addiction either. As many other females, and probably males alike, I fell for Edward Cullen, the main male character, and his romanticism. I wanted to meet someone like him. I wanted to be swept off my feet by him like he did Bella. I wanted to feel like he made her feel. Bella’s character is one that every young female can relate to. Meyer does an excellent job epitomizing how it feels to be falling in love. Everything about this book and movie enthralled me. Twilight displays many theories that we have discussed in class. The most outstanding are controlling images, life chances, and the Theory of Socialization, or Looking Glass Self. Bella and Edward were from two different worlds; Bella is human and Edward is not. This alone implicated many sociological theories. Vampires are rarely portrayed as kind or gentle. They are stereotyped as blood thirsty monsters that kill at will. This is an example of a controlling image. Since vampires are looked upon as bad creatures, the good creatures of the world, humans, have maimed their image. We are taught to fear vampires. Meyer works with that theory and tries to make Edward out to be a good, caring, warm, and loving partner for Bella. As Meyer does describe his hunts in the book, he is very tender when Bella is around. When he has to attack, he gets very embarrassed and ashamed and does not want Bella to fear him. The Looking Glass Self theory is definitely one that is used in Twilight. Cooley theorized that the impression of our self roots from two reasons: â€Å"by ones actual experiences and by what one imagines others ideas of oneself to be† (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009). Because of the image society has on vampires, Edward is insecure and embarrassed and feels like he is a monster. Because the idea behind vampires is so negative, no matter how much good Edward does in the world, he will always be damaged due to this theory. The image that has been given to vampires is directly reflected back on how Edward sees himself; he does not see himself as a beautiful, gentle, loving man. Edward asks Bella â€Å"You don’t care if I’m a monster? If I’m not human?† (Meyer, 2005, p. 184). The way Meyer has presented him to us is just the opposite of how he views himself. Max Weber introduces the theory of life chances in which an individual is given opportunities to improve their life (Marshall, 1998). Bella sees becoming a vampire as an opportunity to not only permanently be with the man she loves, but also not to ever grow old. Bella’s biggest fear is that she will age and Edward will not love her anymore. Meyer presents Bella with an opportunity to obtain that forever young status. However, Edward sees that chance as a negative one as Bella will have to give up so much of her life. He sees staying mortal as a life chance and tries to dissuade Bella from desiring to become a monster, like him. Edward tells Bella, â€Å"So ready for this to be the end. For this to be the twilight of your life, though your life has barely started. You’re ready to give up everything† (Meyer, 2005, p. 497). Edward wishes he could have that chance at life again. He tells Bella â€Å"I don’t want to be a monster.† (Meyer, p 187). This t heory applies to both main characters, but in opposite ways. The values of a culture often mirror its suggestion about what is right, good, fair, and just. American values mimic this. These values vary among groups within a culture. Bella was caught in the realm of her own values and trying to fit into life with Edward. It was a constant battle for her to accomplish this. Some of the values that were exposed in Twilight were responsibility, accountability, competition, moralism, individualism, external conformity, and youth orientation. The main characters were in constant battle within themselves to adhere to these values. Both Edward and Bella show that they value responsibility throughout Twilight. Bella’s responsibility is shown when she becomes concerned for the safety of her mortal family after getting caught in the middle of an ongoing vampire feud. She fears that the â€Å"bad† vampires will go after her family to get to her. Edward in turn feels a responsibility to keep her safe, since he feels like he got her caught up in the first place. Edward also shows responsibility in their relationship. He knows how physically strong he is and that his powers are superhuman; he knows he could really hurt Bella if he is not extremely careful. He tries to warn her that their relationship could be catastrophic. At one point in the book, he tells her, â€Å"It’s better if we’re not friends. Trust me.† (Meyer, 2005, p. 74). He practices caution at all times when he is handling her. Then again later on he warns her that, â€Å"Sometimes I have a problem with my temper, Bel la† (Meyer, 2005, p. 164) and also tells her that her â€Å"number was up the first time I met you† (Meyer, 2005, p. 175). Showing responsibility for someone you love is a value that we learn early on in life. The two main characters also take accountability for their actions, which is another American value represented in Twilight. Bella and Edward know what they are possibly getting themselves into when they begin a relationship between a mortal and an immortal. They also come to understand the consequences of Bella knowing that Edward is a vampire and the repercussions that could arise, and do later on in the series, from knowing this. Not once in the movie or book did either of them try to place the blame on someone else for their relationship. This shows that accountability was a value to the writer. It teaches us that we are responsible for our own decisions and it shows us that we have to be accountable for what may come of those decisions at any cost. The one value that Bella and Edward always were faced with was competition. Bella felt like she may have to compete for Edward’s attention with any female vampire who should come along. She also felt like she had competition in her face with Edward’s sister Rosalie, who is absolutely beautiful and was originally supposed to be Edward’s mate. Even though Edward truly only had eyes for Bella, she still felt like she had to compete to win his affection. Edward also felt like he had to compete with boys who were more like Bella. Edward could not participate in everything that â€Å"normal† teenagers do since his strength was overpowering, his skin was ice cold, he does not eat or drink or need sleep, and can not go in the sun; he could not risk being found out so he opted out of many activities. He also felt like he could never reveal his true self to Bella, so she might find herself feeling closer to someone else that opened up to her. This made him feel inse cure and like he had to compete. Most of us have felt like we had to compete for the attention of someone or to get something we want in life, so this value being depicted in the movie made it extremely easy to relate to. Moralism is another American value Meyer displays in Twilight. Many Americans tend to be moralists who view the world through the lens of right or wrong and are therefore quick to judge. Obviously being with a vampire who kills as a way of life and to exist is going to disagree with the value of moralism in many ways. Bella fought with this once she figured out that Edward was a vampire. None of her friends or family could ever know of this because she feared that she would be judged. She loved him from the very beginning and wanted to do the right thing. Edward did too. He would have never wanted anything bad to happen to Bella, so moralism played a part in every decision they made in regard to being together. We take on the issue of moralism in every day life every time we are trying to make a decision, big or small, since our actions ultimately affect more than just ourselves. We ponder on if the choice we are about to make is morally right or wrong and what society will think ab out us. The next American value I think was symbolized in Twilight was individualism, which is defined as â€Å"belief in the primary importance of the individual and in the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence† (Merriam-Webster online). Bella needed to hold onto her individualism and still be able to be a part of Edward’s world. She wanted to still be able to fit in with her friends which meant she needed to keep a part of her individualism alive. However, Edward valued this more so than did Bella for herself. Edward was very afraid that Bella would lose herself and be disappointed later in life if she became one of him. Edward had been mortal at one time in his life, though very long ago, and did not want Bella to regret losing her individuality. As humans, as much as we try to convert and mesh with someone else’s lifestyle, it is very important for us to remain an individual. Along the same lines as moralism, external conformity was one of the most prominent values portrayed in Twilight. As we struggle to fit in throughout our lives, Americans believe in conformity to group patterns. Bella wanted to fit in with her friends who were dating amongst each other and doing all the teenage activities. She wanted to conform and fit in so she could feel normal. She also wanted to conform to the way of life that her beloved Edward lived. However, these two worlds clashed and she could never safely do both. Therefore, Bella struggled with the value of external conformity and never really mastered it. The one value that was shown time and time again in Twilight was youth orientation. Bella was not like Edward and his family. They were hundreds of years old and still described as â€Å"the most beautiful people she had ever seen† (Meyer, 2005, pp. 18-19). It was made apparent to Bella early on that she was aging and she would never be able to keep up with Edward’s youthful beauty. She tells him, â€Å"I may not die now†¦ but I am going to die sometime. Every minute of the day I get closer. And I am going to get old.† (Meyer, 2005, p. 476). Americans are constantly reminded by popular culture messages that it is more appealing to stay young at all costs, and that old is ugly. Bella’s biggest fear was that Edward would no longer find her attractive when she started to age, although he constantly reminded her that this would never happen. Bella had nightmares about growing old and Edward no longer being interested in her. She is consumed with not aging and keeping her youth alive. Youth orientation is a major value for Bella, as she is the only mortal among the accepting Cullen family. This pop culture phenomenon has caused controversy. Many people refused to read the books or see the movie because vampires are considered demonic and evil. Another issue I have heard or read is that society worries if being in love with a vampire is healthy, that it is giving young tweens false hope and a distorted sense of reality. I do believe that the book sold many more copies than many other books by long time famous authors and continues to, so this could cause some envy of other authors. I have not heard anything in the news or tabloid other than that people were disappointed that the movie did not give as much to us as the book did; I agree. This is probably not a controversy, but may cause people to be reluctant on seeing the next movies in the saga. It did, however get major media attention due to its overwhelming popularity. The truth about Twilight is that is very popular. When one reads it, one gets captivated and wants to read more and continue on reading the next book and the next book and the next book. It is known world wide. When the movie came out, it was all about â€Å"team Edward† or â€Å"team Jacob†. There were countless posters and t-shirts and bags and blankets that boasted the characters, usually Bella and Edward†¦..you name it, they made it. It was more than a movie and a book. It was something that most young people, especially females, could easily relate to. As a young female, most of us fall for the wrong person, a bad boy, the one from the wrong side of the tracks. It is addicting. Although it was geared towards young readers, it did not stop there; people of all ages read it. It swept across our country as well as others and soon became the talk of the town. Everywhere I went, I heard blurbs about the book and how excited people were to see the movie. Twilight an d its books to follow, entranced many generations and is definitely a popular culture phenomenon that will be remembered as one of the most popular series of novels. References American values. Retrieved from aboutsociology.com/sociology/Value on June 25, 2009. Cooley, Charles Horton. (2009). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 28, 2009, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9026130 Gordon, M. life-chances. A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Retrieved June 26, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-lifechances.html McLachlan, S. (1997). Building a Mystery. On Surfacing CD. Arista Records. Meyer, S. (2005). Twilight. New York: Little, Brown and Company. www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/individualism retrieved on June 26 2009. Research Papers on Crimson Craving - My Fascination with VampiresWhere Wild and West MeetTwilight of the UAWHip-Hop is ArtThe Fifth HorsemanAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export Quotas

MA thesis proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MA thesis - Research Proposal Example Social media plays an important role in public relations department in private and public sectors. Internet service is not limited to entertainment and information but moves on to providing electronic services. The government of Saudi Arabia has, for example, realized the importance of internet and has given it special attention. Public relations specialists also believe, according to Alenizi, that internet applications have a high ability to elevate work quality and speed of the organization to deliver services to their customers. A study by Alshehri also shows that the use of electronic application contributes in minimizing the cost and elevating the quality of production (Jenaibi, 2013). Consequently, and according to http://www.yesser.gov.sa, an electronic government program drawn from the royal decree number 7/b/23181 in 2003 stated that all government entities have to provide electronic services through the ministry of communication and information technology (Saud & Khan, 2013 ). Saud and Khan (2013) showed that the use of social media in Saudi Arabia is rising with increase in the access to mobile phones. In 2012, the number of Facebook users in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 6 million and in 2013, the number increased to 7.8 million. Similarly, Saudi twitter users increased from three million in 2012 to five million in 2013. The country’s use of Instagram increased from 4 million users in 2012 to 5.7 million in 2013. According to Shorkey and Uebel (2014), many companies in Saudi Arabia, public and private, use social media for marketing. The study highlighted Flynas, STC, McDonald’s and Toyota as the top brands on Facebook. Jenaibi (2013) highlights Aramco, SABIC and STC as the top ranking companies on Twitter. Companies that deal in cosmetics and cars are the ones that rank high in the use of Instagram in Saudi Arabia. A single privately owned company in the country can have up to

Analysis .... depend on the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis .... depend on the movie - Essay Example The general public has been separated into intellectuals and proprietors, who live in comfort, and manual workers, who reside in its suburbs and whose single function is controlling the equipment that move the city (Minden & Bachmann, 2002). The movie revolves around two individuals; first, Freder, who was the son of the metropolitan’s chief planner, and second Maria, who is a young female from the working class and thinks that sooner or later a arbitrator will arrive to reconcile differences in the class. After understanding that Freder supports the employees, she believes that he may be the rescuer that she has visualized. â€Å"The most important feature of this movie is that the special effects utilized in this sci-fi classic were pioneering â€Å"at the time of the release and still have the power to amaze audiences† (Elsaesser, 2008). Metropolis features exceptional camera work and set designs that still amaze contemporary viewers with their visual impact - the m ovie has â€Å"cinematic and thematic bonds to German Expressionism† (Prestel Art Press, 1999), despite the fact that the structural design, as represented in the movie, emerges founded on present-day modernization as well as ‘Art Deco’.